Format & Structure

Modules

Each module includes:

Target audience

Glossary

Cross-compliance

The concurrent achievement/realisation of multiple Green Deal policies and their associated goals and targets.

Effectiveness

Policy effectiveness refers to the achievement of the expected policy objectives by the policy’s own measures. This involves comparing the effects and impacts of the measures with its intended objectives. Policy coherence may facilitate policy effectiveness and the other way around, and are thus closely interrelated concepts.

Objectives

The outcomes the policy sets out to achieve, as specified in the articles of the policy document. Policy objectives may be referred to in policy documents as goals, objectives, targets, commitments, or in other ways. They can be overarching, general, not quantified goals and/or specific quantified targets.

    • General objectives : The overall goals of a policy, expressed in terms of ‘policy outcome’ or ‘policy impact’. These objectives are often broad goals that are not quantifiable and do not have a specific timeline

    • Specific objectives: The targets to be achieved to meet the general objectives. Specific objectives are expressed in terms of the direct and short-term results of a policy. Specific objectives tend to be measurable targets with a deadline or a specified time limit and may have associated result indicators.

Policy

The term policy is understood in a broad sense, referring to a set of objectives, rules and measures that provide guidance for solving a particular societal issue. In CrossGov, policy encompasses substantive documents such as white papers and strategies as well as specific laws and regulations or directives.

Policy area

A substantive policy cluster that has formed around societal or sectoral interests. Often, a cluster is managed by specialized institutions and subject to sector-specific path dependencies.

Policy cycle

A series of policy phases that are carried out in series and with internal recursive processes in order to manage all aspects of a policy. Its main phases can be synthesised as: policy design and formulation, policy implementation, policy evaluation and adaptation. 

Policy coherence

How well different policies work together. Coherence can be defined as the extent to which policies reinforce each other by promoting synergies or reducing conflicts between their objectives and measures both in design and implementation.

Policy landscape

In CrossGov, the set of policy clusters and their associated policies that directly and indirectly affect the oceans.

Note

Dating of content

The materials, documents and overall content contained in this MOOC were gathered during February to July 2025. Any modifications to regulatory frameworks, policies and mandates occurring after July 2025 will not be reflected in the content provided.